Pharmacy and Medicine

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAIDs or NAIDs, are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic (lowering an elevated body temperature and relieving pain without impairing consciousness) and, in higher doses, with anti-inflammatory effects (reducing inflammation). The term "non-steroidal" is used to distinguish these drugs from steroids, which (among a broad range of other effects) have a similar eicosanoid-depressing, anti-inflammatory action. As analgesics, NSAIDs are unusual in that they are non-narcotic.The most prominent members of this group of drugs are aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen partly because they are available over-the-counter in many areas.
Classification:
1.Salicylates
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) · Aloxiprin · Benorylate · Diflunisal · Ethenzamide · Magnesium salicylate · Methyl salicylate · Salsalate · Salicin · Salicylamide · Sodium salicylate
2.Arylalkanoic acids
Diclofenac · Aceclofenac · Acemetacin · Alclofenac · Bromfenac · Etodolac · Indometacin · Indometacin farnesil · Nabumetone · Oxametacin · Proglumetacin · Sulindac · Tolmetin
3.2-Arylpropionic acids
(profens)
Ibuprofen · Alminoprofen · Benoxaprofen · Carprofen · Dexibuprofen · Dexketoprofen · Fenbufen · Fenoprofen · Flunoxaprofen · Flurbiprofen · Ibuproxam · Indoprofen† · Ketoprofen · Ketorolac · Loxoprofen · Miroprofen · Naproxen · Oxaprozin · Pirprofen · Suprofen · Tarenflurbil · Tiaprofenic acid
4.N-Arylanthranilic acids
(fenamic acids)
Mefenamic acid · Flufenamic acid · Meclofenamic acid · Tolfenamic acid
5.Pyrazolidine derivatives
Phenylbutazone · Ampyrone · Azapropazone · Clofezone · Kebuzone · Metamizole† · Mofebutazone · Oxyphenbutazone · Phenazone · Sulfinpyrazone
6.Oxicams
Piroxicam · Droxicam · Lornoxicam · Meloxicam · Tenoxicam · Ampiroxicam
7.COX-2 inhibitors
Celecoxib · Deracoxib‡ · Etoricoxib · Firocoxib‡ · Lumiracoxib† · Parecoxib · Rofecoxib† · Valdecoxib
8.Sulfonanilides
Nimesulide
9..Topically used products
Bendazac · Diclofenac · Etofenamate · Felbinac · Flurbiprofen · Ibuprofen · Indometacin · Ketoprofen · Naproxen · Piroxicam · Suprofen
10.Others
Fluproquazone
Mechanism Of Action:
Most NSAIDs act as non-selective inhibitors of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, inhibiting both the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes. Cyclooxygenase catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (itself derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A2). Prostaglandins act (among other things) as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation. This mechanism of action was elucidated by John Vane, who later received a Nobel Prize for his work (see Mechanism of action of aspirin). A newly discovered COX-3 may also have some role.
Uses:
NSAIDs are usually indicated for the treatment of acute or chronic conditions where pain and inflammation are present. Research continues into their potential for prevention of colorectal cancer, and treatment of other conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Osteoarthritis
* Inflammatory arthropathies (e.g. ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome)
* Acute gout
* Dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain)
* Metastatic bone pain
* Headache and migraine
* Postoperative pain
* Mild-to-moderate pain due to inflammation and tissue injury
* Pyrexia (fever)
* Ileus
* Renal colic
* They are also given to neonate infants whose ductus arteriosus is not closed within 24 hours of birth
Adverse Effect:
Advedse drug Reaction
Dyspepsia
Inflammatory Bowel Disease like Ulcerative Colitis & Crohn's disease